|
|
INFLUENZA PANDEMIC (H1N1), ANIMAL (05): TURKEYS, INSEMINATION
*************************************************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>
Date: Wed 3 Feb 2010
Source: Virology Journal [edited]
<http://www.virologyj.com/content/pdf/1743-422x-7-27.pdf>
[Ref: Pantin-Jackwood M, Wasilenko JL, Spackman E, et al:
Susceptibility of turkeys to pandemic-H1N1 virus by reproductive tract
insemination. Virol J. 2010 Feb 3; 7(1): 27. Epub ahead of print]
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[A provisional PDF, which corresponds to the peer-reviewed article as
it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML)
versions will be made available soon by Virology Journal.]
Abstract
--------
The current pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 (pH1N1) was first
recognized in humans with acute respiratory diseases in April 2009 in
Mexico, in swine in Canada in June 2009 with respiratory disease, and
in turkeys in Chile in June 2009 with a severe drop in egg production
[see ProMED 2009 refs. below]. Several experimental studies attempted
to reproduce the disease in turkeys, but failed to produce respiratory
infection in turkeys using standard inoculation routes. We
demonstrated that pH1N1 virus can infect the reproductive tract of
turkey hens after experimental intrauterine inoculation, causing
decreased egg production. This route of exposure is realistic in
modern turkey production because turkey hens are handled once a week
for intrauterine insemination in order to produce fertile eggs. This
understanding of virus exposure provides an improved understanding of
the pathogenesis of the disease and can improve poultry husbandry to
prevent disease outbreaks.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail
<promed@promedmail.org>
[H1N1 has been, so far, officially reported from turkey farms in 4
countries: Chile (July 2009), Canada (October 2009), USA (Virginia,
November 2009; California, December 2009), and France (Jan 2010) --
see ProMED rafs. below. All those events related to breeding flocks
where artificial insemination is practiced. It appears that
intracloacal and intrauterine routes are the only way to infect
turkeys with the influenza pandemic (H1N1) virus. The finding of the
authors above, at the Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases
Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of
Agriculture, Athens, Georgia is unambiguous and leads to practical,
applicable consequences to prevent such infections.
Note that "swine influenza" (hog flu, pig flu) sensu stricto, an
animal disease caused by a specific porcine virus, namely swine
influenza virus (SIV; not H1N1), is known to sporadically cause
disease in turkeys (and humans). When it occurs, it is not followed by
further spread in the affected populations ("dead end" hosts). - Mod.AS]
[see also:
Influenza pandemic (H1N1), animal (04): global, update 20100131.0337
Influenza pandemic (H1N1), animal (02): USA, turkey 20100108.0087
2009
----
Influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009, animal health (14): Canada (ON), avian
20091020.3602
Influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009, animal health (04): Chile, avian, OIE
20090823.2978
Influenza A (H1N1): animal health (13) swine, Canada, origin, RFI
20090615.2215]
........................................arn/mj/jw
*##########################################################*
************************************************************
ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that
are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the
information, and of any statements or opinions based
thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in
using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID
and its associated service providers shall not be held
responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any
damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted
or archived material.
************************************************************
Become a ProMED-mail Premium Subscriber at
<http://www.isid.org/ProMEDMail_Premium.shtml>
************************************************************
Visit ProMED-mail's web site at <http://www.promedmail.org>.
Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org
(NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your
full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send
commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help,
etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a
human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org.
############################################################
############################################################
|